How does the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy define falsification?

Falsification, as defined by the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, specifically involves manipulating research materials, equipment, processes, or changing or omitting data or results in a way that is detrimental to the integrity of the research. This definition captures the essence of falsification, which undermines the trustworthiness and reliability of scientific findings.

While other aspects of research integrity touch upon issues like omission of data or using outdated methodologies, these do not encapsulate the direct act of manipulating the core components of research. The focus on manipulation emphasizes intentional actions taken by researchers that skew findings or present false information, which is the primary concern of the misconduct policy. Understanding this definition is crucial for researchers to ensure ethical practices in their work and maintain the credibility of the scientific community.