What is typically the outcome if an inquiry finds sufficient grounds for an investigation into misconduct?

The correct answer indicates that when an inquiry reveals sufficient grounds for an investigation into potential misconduct, it typically leads to the initiation of a formal investigation. This step is crucial as it allows for a thorough examination of the allegations, gathering evidence, and determining the validity of the claims.

An investigation can involve collecting documents, interviewing witnesses, and scrutinizing processes, ultimately aiming to ensure accountability and uphold ethical standards in research. This procedure is part of a systematic approach to address and resolve allegations of misconduct appropriately and fairly.

Other outcomes, such as the review being published, taking no further action, or automatically penalizing the author, do not accurately describe the typical process following an inquiry. Instead, these scenarios overlook the necessary steps involved in ensuring a fair and just evaluation of the situation.