What two main criteria does the National Science Foundation (NSF) use to evaluate grant proposals?

The National Science Foundation (NSF) evaluates grant proposals primarily based on two main criteria: intellectual merit and broader impact. Intellectual merit refers to the potential of the proposed research to advance knowledge and contribute to the scientific community. This encompasses the originality, technical quality, and feasibility of the ideas presented in the proposal.

Broader impact, on the other hand, concerns the potential benefits of the proposed research to society at large, including how it might enhance education, promote diversity, or contribute to the economy, public health, or other areas that can benefit from scientific development. This dual criterion ensures that the NSF funds projects that are not only scientifically rigorous but also socially responsible and beneficial.

Understanding these criteria is crucial for applicants, as they guide the development of proposals that not only aim to push the boundaries of knowledge but also consider the implications and applications of that knowledge in the wider context.