When should a researcher ideally discuss authorship criteria?

Discussing authorship criteria early in the research project, ideally at the planning stage, is crucial for establishing clear expectations among all contributors. This proactive approach ensures that every team member understands their role and what constitutes substantial contributions to the research. By addressing authorship early on, researchers can prevent misunderstandings or conflicts that may arise later when the time comes to publish or present findings.

Establishing authorship criteria at the beginning promotes transparency and encourages open discussions about responsibilities, contributions, and recognition. It allows researchers to identify the necessary criteria for authorship based on ethical guidelines and disciplinary standards, so all parties can align their expectations from the outset. This practice contributes to a healthier research environment and upholds the integrity of the research process.

Discussing authorship after the research is completed or during the peer review process might lead to disputes over contributions and recognition, potentially harming professional relationships and the integrity of the research. Presenting such criteria at the conclusion or during final presentations also does not allow for constructive dialogue about the distribution of credit prior to publication, which can be key to a successful and ethical collaboration.